Gallery of Legal Precedent
Below is a gallery of United States court cases which are, for various reasons, of great legal or historical significance to alternative educators and advocates of parental liberty.



United States Supreme Court Cases

Parents Involved in Community Sch. v. Seattle Sch. Dist. No. 1 (2007)

Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation (2007)

Morse v. Frederick (2007)

Tennessee Secondary Sch. Athletic Assoc. v. Brentwood Academy (2007)

Winkelman ex rel Winkelman v. Parma City Sch. Dist. (2007)

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006)

Jones v. Flowers (2006)

McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union of Ky (2005)

Van Orden v. Perry (2005)

Rumsfeld v. Padilla (2004)

Rasul v. Bush (2004)

Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004)

Blakely v. Washington (2004)

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada (2004)

Hibbs v. Winn (2004)

Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow (2004)

Crawford v. Washington (2004)

Locke v. Davey (2004)

Groh v. Ramirez (2004)

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

United States v. American Library Association, Inc. (2003)

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)

Kyllo v. United States (2001)

Brentwood Academy v. Tennessee Secondary Sch. Athletic Assoc. (2001)

Immigration and Naturalization Service v. St. Cyr (2001)

Good News Club v. Milford Central Sch. (2001)

Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000)

Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)

Troxel v. Granville (2000)

City of Chicago v. Morales (1999)

Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael (1999)

Saenz v. Roe (1999)

Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)

Vacco v. Quill (1997)

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union (1997)

City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)

Agostini v. Felton (1997)

Bracy v. Gramley (1997)

Blessing v. Freestone (1997)

United States v. Lanier (1997)

United States v. Virginia (1996)

Romer v. Evans (1996)

M.L.B. v. S.L.J. (1996)

Rosenberger v. University of Virginia (1995)

Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Action (1995)

Hurley v. Irish-American Gay Group of Boston (1995)

McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm'n (1995)

Board of Educ. of Kiryas Joel v. Grumet (1994)

DeBoer v. DeBoer (1993)

Daubert v. Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993)

Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills Sch. Dist. (1993)

Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Sch. Dist. (1993)

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (1993)

Reno v. Flores (1993)

Lee v. Weisman (1992)

Ankenbrandt v. Richards (1992)

Riggins v. Nevada (1992)

Foucha v. Louisiana (1992)

White v. Illinois (1992)

Hodgson v. Minnesota (1990)

Cruzan v. Director, MDH (1990)

Employment Div., Dept. of Human Resources of Ore. v. Smith (1990)

Washington v. Harper (1990)

Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California (1990)

Michael H. v. Gerald D. (1989)

Graham v. Connor (1989)

Mississippi Choctaw Indian Band v. Holyfield (1989)

Dallas v. Stanglin (1989)

NCAA v. Tarkanian (1988)

United States v. Kozminski (1988)

Allied Tube & Conduit Corp. v. Indian Head, Inc. (1988)

Virginia v. American Booksellers Ass'n, 484 U.S. 383 (1988)

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeieri (1988)

Rivera v. Minnich (1987)

Corporation of the Presiding Bishop v. Amos (1987)

Edwards v. Aguillard (1987)

Turner v. Safley (1987)

Young v. United States ex rel Vuitton Et Fils S.A. (1987)

Board of Directors of Rotary International v. Rotary Club (1987)

Bethel Sch. Dist. v. No. 403 v. Fraser (1986)

Allen v. Illinois (1986)

Thornburgh v. American Coll. of Obst. & Gyn. (1986)

Witters v. Washington Dept. of Serv. for the Blind (1986)

Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc. (1985)

Wallace v. Jaffree (1985)

Liparota v. United States (1985)

Roberts v. United States Jaycees (1984)

Schall v. Martin (1984)

Hoover v. Ronwin (1984)

Palmore v. Sidoti (1984)

Lynch v. Donnelly (1984)

Mueller v. Allen (1983)

Lehr v. Robertson (1983)

Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health (1983)

Bob Jones University v. United States (1983)

Kolender v. Lawson (1983)

Larkin v. Grendel's Den, Inc. (1982)

Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Comm. (1982)

Lehman v. Lycoming County Children's Services (1982)

Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982)

Plyler v. Doe (1982)

Greene v. Lindsey (1982)

Larson v. Valente (1982)

Santosky v. Kramer (1982)

Widmar v. Vincent (1981)

Lassiter v. Department of Social Services (1981)

Little v. Streater (1981)

H.L. v. Matheson (1981)

Stone v. Graham (1980)

Vitek v. Jones (1980)

Bellotti v. Baird (1979)

Byrne v. Public Funds for Public Schools of New Jersey (1979)

Parham v. J.R. (1979)

Moore v. Sims (1979)

Addington v. Texas (1979)

Caban v. Mohammed (1979)

Ambach v. Norwick (1979)

University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978)

Swisher v. Brady (1978)

Zablocki v. Redhail (1978)

Bordenkircher v. Hayes (1978)

Quilloin v. Walcott (1978)

Wolman v. Walter (1977)

Maher v. Roe (1977)

Smith v. Organization of Foster Families (1977)

Carey v. Population Services International (1977)

Moore v. East Cleveland (1977)

Ingraham v. Wright (1977)

Whalen v. Roe (1977)

Connally v. Georgia (1977)

Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347 (1976)

Runyon v. McCrary (1976)

Paul v. Davis (1976)

Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar (1975)

Breed v. Jones (1975)

Meek v. Pittenger (1975)

Withrow v. Larkin (1975)

Goss v. Lopez (1975)

Milliken v. Bradley (1974)

Wheeler v. Barrara (1974)

Bob Jones University v. Simon (1974)

Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. LaFleur (1974)

Committee for Public Educ. v. Nyquist (1973)

Norwood v. Harrison (1973)

Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton (1973)

Gibson v. Berryhill (1973)

San Antonio Sch. Dist. v. Rodriguez (1973)

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Ward v. Village of Monroeville (1972)

Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972)

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Stanley v. Illinois (1972)

Humphrey v. Cady (1972)

Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)

Cruz v. Beto (1972)

Rabe v. Washington (1972)

Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville (1972)

United States v. Bass (1971)

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)

Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics Agents (1971)

Boddie v. Connecticut (1971)

Baird v. State Bar of Arizona (1971)

Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York (1970)

In re Winship (1970)

North Carolina v. Pearce (1969)

Tinker v. Des Moines School Dist. (1969)

Epperson v. Arkansas (1968)

Jones v. Mayer Co. (1968)

Board of Educ. v. Allen (1968)

Duncan v. Louisiana (1968)

Peyton v. Rowe (1968)

Ginsberg v. New York (1968)

Jehovah's Witnesses, State of Washington v. King City Hospital (1968)

Simmons v. United States (1968)

Loving v. Virginia (1967)

In re Gault (1967)

Keyishian v. Board of Regents (1967)

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Kent v. United States (1966)

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Armstrong v. Manzo (1965)

United States v. Seeger (1965)

Aptheker v. Secretary of State (1964)

Bouie v. City of Columbia (1964)

Chamberlin v. Public Instruction Bd. (1964)

Griffin v. County Sch. Bd. of Prince Edward County (1964)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964)

Sherbert v. Verner (1963)

Abington School Dist. v. Schempp (1963)

Fay v. Noia (1963)

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Jones v. Cunningham (1963)

Ford v. Ford (1962)

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Torcaso v. Watkins (1961)

Braunfeld v. Brown (1961)

Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc. (1961)

Shelton v. Tucker (1960)

Kreshik v. St. Nicholas Cathedral (1960)

Bates v. Little Rock (1960)

First Unitarian Church v. Los Angeles (1958)

N.A.A.C.P. v. Alabama (1958)

Kent v. Dulles (1958)

Bell v. United States (1955)

United States v. Harriss (1954)

Brown v. Board of Educ. (1954)

May v. Anderson (1953)

United States v. Cardiff (1952)

Kedroff v. St. Nicholas Cathedral (1952)

Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson (1952)

Zorach v. Clauson (1952)

Dice v. Akron (1952)

Niemotko v. Maryland (1951)

Mullane v. Central Hanover Tr. Co. (1950)

McCollum v. Board of Educ. (1948)

Adamson v. California (1947)

Everson v. Board of Educ. of Ewing TP.(1947)

Ex Parte Endo (1944)

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)

Hirabayashi v. United States (1943)

West Virginia State Bd. of Educ. v. Barnette (1943)

Taylor v. Mississippi (1943)

Parker v. Brown (1943)

Skinner v. State of Oklahoma ex rel. Williamson (1942)

Cantwell v. Connecticut (1940)

Lanzetta v. New Jersey (1939)

Johnson v. Zerbst (1938)

United States v. Caroline Products Co. (1938)

Palko v. Connecticut (1937)

Hamilton v. Regents of the University of California (1934)

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

McBoyle v. United States (1931)

Cochran v. Louisiana State Bd. of Educ. (1930)

Buck v. Bell (1927)

Tumey v. Ohio (1927)

Farrington v. Tokushige (1927)

Pierce v. Society of Sisters (1925)

Bartels v. Iowa (1923)

Meyer v. Nebraska (1923)

Moore v. Dempsey (1923)

Zucht v. King (1922)

Sunday Lake Iron Co. v. Township of Wakefield (1918)

Arver v. United States (1918)

Minneapolis & St. L.R. Co. v. Bombolis (1916)

Butler v. Perry (1916)

Waugh v. Board of Trustees of the University of Mississippi (1915)

Lowrey v. Hawaii (1910)

Reuben Quick Bear v. Leupp (1908)

Jacobsen v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1905)

Andrews v. Andrews (1903)

Capital Traction Co. v. Hof (1899)

Robertson v. Baldwin (1897)

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Ex Parte Burrus (1890)

Mormon Church v. United States (1890)

Davis v. Beason (1890)

Maynard v. Hill (1888)

Murphy v. Ramsey (1885)

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Reynolds v. United States (1878)

In re Slaughter-House Cases (1872)

In re Tarble (1871)

Watson v. Jones (1871)

Cummings v. Missouri (1866)

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856)

Fontain v. Ravenel (1854)

Permoli v. Municipality No.1 of the City of New Orleans (1845)

Vidal v. Mayor of Philadelphia (1844)

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia (1831)

Trustees of Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)

Terrett v. Taylor (1815)

Ex Parte Bollman (1807)

Calder v. Bull (1798)



Fourth Amendment & Other Cases for Educating Uninvited Social Workers

Arrendondo v. Locklear

Brokaw v. Mercer County

Calabretta v. Floyd

Croft v. Westmoreland County Children and Youth Serv.

Doe v. Heck

Dubbs v. Head Start

Duchesne v. Sugarman, 566 F.2d 817 (2nd Cir. 1977).

Gomes v. Wood

Good v. Dauphin County Social Serv. for Children & Youth, 891 F.2d 1087 (3rd Cir. 1989).

Groh v. Ramirez

In re Stumbo

J.B. v. Washington County

Loudermilk v. Arpaio, No. CV 06-0636-PHX-EHC (U.S. Dist. Az., Sep. 28, 2007)

Mueller v. Auker, 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13172, Case No. 1:04-cv-00399-BLW-HHW (D. Id., Feb. 26, 2007)

P.J. v. State of Utah, 2006 WL 1702585 (D. Ut., Jun. 16, 2006)

Roe v. Texas Dept. of Protective & Regulatory Serv.

Roska v. Peterson, 328 F.3d 1230 (10th Cir. 2003), remand to Roska v. Sneddon, 311 F.Supp.2d 1307 (D. Utah 2004), aff'd Roska ex rel. Roska v. Sneddon, 437 F.3d 964 (10th Cir. 2006); Roska v. Sneddon, Case No. 1:99CV112DAK (D. Utah Mar. 26, 2004); Roska v. Sneddon, 2006 WL 2927751 (D. Ut, Oct. 11, 2006); Roska v. Sneddon, 2007 WL 1557418 (D. Ut, May 25, 2007)

Walker v. City of Orem



Cases of Current or Historical Significance to Alternative Education
Generally Favorable Individual Results for Pro-Parent Litigants
(Obtain from local law library)

Alsager v. District Court of Polk County, Iowa (Juvenile Division), 406 F.S upp. 10 (S.D. Iowa 1975), opinion adopted by 545 F.2d 1137 (8th Cir. 1976).

Anguis v. Superior Court, 429 P.2d 702 (Ariz. Ct. App. 1967).

Appeal of Pierce, 451 A.2d 363 (N.H. 1982).

Arizona State Dep't of Pub. Welfare v. Barlow, 296 P.2d 298 (Ariz. 1956).

Baby Neal v. Casey, 43 F.3d 48 (3rd Cir. 1994).

Barrow v. Greenville Indep. Sch. Dist., 332 F.3d 844 (5th Cir. 2003); 480 F.3d 377 (5th Cir. 2007), cert. denied, U.S. LEXIS 11047 (U.S. Oct. 1, 2007); 06-10123 (5th Cir., Oct. 23, 2007).

Board of Educ. of the City Sch. Dist. of the City of N.Y. v. Tom F. on behalf of Gilbert F., 193 Fed. Appx. 26 (2d Cir. 2006), aff'd 520 U.S. ___ (2007)(No. 06-637).

Brooks v. Parkerson, 454 S.E.2d 769 (Ga. 1995), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 942 (1995).

Brunelle v. Lynn Public Schools, 702 N.E.2d 1182 (Mass. 1998).

Calhoun County Dep't of Educ. v. Page, No. 83DR966 (S.C. Fam. Ct., Calhoun County, June 28, 1983).

"Care and Protection of" -- see "In re"

City of Concord v. New Testament Baptist Church, 382 A.2d 377 (N.H. 1978).

Commonwealth v. Peterheim, ---- (Pa. Somerset County Court 1949).

Commonwealth v. Roberts, 34 N.E. 402 (Mass. 1893).

Davis v. Newell Sch. Dist., Civ. 93-5012 (U.S Dist. S.D. January 20, 1993).

Delconte v. State, 329 S.E.2d 636 (N.C. 1985).

Dobbins v. Commonwealth, 96 S.E.2d 154 (Va. 1987).

Dusan v. Cumberland Co. Sch. Bd. (Chancery No. 2102, Cumberland County, Va. September 15, 1993).

Fitzgerald v. Camdenton R-III School Dist., 439 F.3d 773 (8th Cir. 2006).

Forstrom v. Byrne, 775 A.2d 65 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2001).

Franz v. U.S., 526 F. Supp. 126 (D.D.C. 1981), rev’d 707 F.2d 582 (D.C. Cir. 1983), order supplemented by 712 F.2d 1428 (D.C. Cir. 1983), on remand, 591 F. Supp. 374 (D.D.C. 1984).

Hinton v. Kentucky State Bd. of Educ., No. 88314 (Ky. Cir. Ct. Oct. 4, 1978), aff'd sub. nom. Kentucky State Bd. for Elementary and Secondary Ed. v. Rudasill, 589 S.W.2d 877 (Ky. 1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 938 (1980).

Houghton Lake v. Board of Educ., 425 N.W.2d 80 (Mich. 1988).

In re Appeal in Maricopa County, Juv. Action No. J-75482, 536 P.2d 197 (Ariz. 1975).

In re Ahlman, No. 83-JC-1366 (Harvey County Dist. Ct. of Kan. April 11, 1984).

In re Chapman, 490 N.Y.S.2d 432 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1985).

In re Charles, 504 N.E.2d 592 (Mass. 1987).

In re Davis, 318 A.2d 151 (N.H. 1974).

In re D.B., 767 P.2d 801 (Colo. App. Ct. 1988).

In re Dixon, No. N-37-86 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. of Oswego County November 21, 1988).

In re Falk, 441 N.Y.S.2d 785 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1981).

In re Foster (Walker v. Foster), 330 N.Y.S.2d 8 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1972).

In re Gosette, 326 N.E.2d 675 (Ohio 1975).

In re Hardon, No. 85-JC-9 (Rawlins County Dist. Ct. of Kan. January 17, 1986).

In re Hastings, 83-JC-1365 (Harvey County Dist. Ct. of Kan. 1984).

In re Jost, No. 84-C-88 (Marion County Dist. Ct. of Kan. 1985).

In re J.P., 648 P.2d 1364 (Utah 1982).

In re Kevin L., 726 P.2d 479 (Wash. Ct. App. 1986).

In re Lelah-puc-ka-chee, 98 F. 429 (N.D.Iowa 1899).

In re Monnig, 638 S.W.2d 782 (Mo. Ct. App. 1982).

In re Nicholson, 2001 WL 1661707 (E.D.N.Y. 2001), opinion amended and superseded, 181 F.Supp.2d 182 (E.D.N.Y. 2002), opinion supplemented, Nicholson v. Williams, 203 F.Supp.2d 153 (E.D.N.Y. 2002); In re Nicholson, 181 F.Supp.2d 182 (E.D.N.Y. 2002), question certified, Nicholson v. Scoppetta, 344 F.3d 154 (2nd Cir. 2003), modified and supplemented by Nicholson v. Williams, 294 F.Supp.2d 369 (E.D.N.Y. 2003); Nicholson ex rel. Barnett v. Giuliani, 2001 WL 218936 (E.D.N.Y. 2001); Nicholson v. Williams, 202 F.R.D. 377 (E.D.N.Y. 2001), opinion superseded Nicholson v. Williams, 205 F.R.D. 92 (E.D.N.Y. Aug 16, 2001); In re Nicholson, 2001 WL 1338834 (E.D.N.Y. 2001); Nicholson v. Williams, 2003 WL 21920266 (E.D.N.Y. 2003).

In re Patterson, No. 13477, 13478 (Id. Dist. Ct. October 2, 1990).

In re Peirce, 451 A.2d 363 (N.H. 1982).

In re Perales, 369 N.E.2d 1047 (Ohio 1977).

In re Petition to Compel Cooperation with Child Abuse Investigation (Appeal of R.G & S.G., Natural Parents), 2005 PA Super 188 (May 20, 2005)(Robert and Susan Gauthier).

In re Richards, 7 N.Y.S.2d 722 (App. Div. 1938).

In re Skipwith, 180 N.Y.S.2d 852, (N.Y. Dom. Ct. 1958).

In re Smith, 969 P.2d 21 (Wash. 1999) (Dissenting/Concurring Opinion), aff'd Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000).

In re Standish, No. N-125-86 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. of Oswego County December 23, 1988).

In re T.M., No. 99-351 (Vt. May 26, 2000).

In re Ward, 239 P.2d 560 (Wash. 1952).

In re White, 82-J-08 (Cloud County Dist. Ct. of Kan. July 2, 1982).

In re Willms, No. 87-JC-350 (Shawnee County Dist. Ct. of Kan. February 12, 1988).

Institute of Creation Research v. Honig, Civil No. 90-0483-B-(M) (S.D. Cal. January 29, 1992).

Jeffery v. O'Donnell, 702 F. Supp. 516 (M.D. Pa. 1988); Jeffery v. O'Donnell, 702 F. Supp. 513 (M.D. Pa. 1987).

Johnson v. Prince William County Sch. Bd., 404 S.E.2d 209 (Va. 1991).

Jones v. West Virginia St. Bd. of Educ., Civil Action No. 02-MISC-477, (Circuit Court of Kanawha County, W. Va., Sep. 23, 2003), cert. denied, (W. Va., May 26, 2004).

Kindstedt v. East Greenwich Sch. Comm. (R.I. Comm'r Educ. August 7, 1986).

Lamberts v. Lillig, No. 109 / 02-0435 (Iowa 2003)

Lawrence v. South Carolina State Bd. of Educ., 412 S.E.2d 394 (S.C. 1991).

Linder v. Linder, No. 01-380 (Ark. 2002).

Livingston Parish School Bd. v. Lofton, 422 So.2d 1357 (La. Ct. App. 1982).

Loudermilk v. Arpaio, No. CV 06-0636-PHX-EHC (U.S. Dist. Az., Sep. 28, 2007)

Maas v. Alabama, 601 So.2d 209 (Ala. Ct. App. 1992).

"Matter of" -- see "In re"

McCormick v. Hirsch, 460 F. Supp. 1337 (M.D. Pa. 1978).

Packer Collegiate Institute v. University of State of New York, 81 N.E.2d 80 (N.Y. 1948).

Payne v. New Shoreham Sch. Dept. (R.I. Comm'r Educ. September 15, 1987).

People v. Black, No. 853105 (Santa Maria Mun. Ct. March 10, 1986).

People v. Darrah, No. 853104 (Santa Maria Mun. Ct. March 10, 1986).

People v. DeJonge, 501 N.W.2d 127 (Mich. 1993).

People v. Levison, 90 N.E.2d 213 (Ill. 1950).

People v. Turner, 98 N.Y.S.2d 886; (N.Y. App. Div. 1950).

People ex rel. Portnoy v. Strasser, 104 N.E.2d 895 (N.Y. 1952).

"People in the Matter of" -- see "In re"

Perchemlides v. Frizzle, No. 16641 (Mass. Sup. Ct., Hampshire County, Nov. 13, 1978).

Peters v. Malin, 111 F. 244 (C.C.N.D.Iowa 1901).

Peterson v. Minidoka, 118 F.3d 1351 (9th Cir. 1996), amended by 132 F.3d 1258 (9th Cir. 1997).

Prince William Co. Sch. Bd. v. Charles Berlin, No. CH-34982 (Prince William Co. Circuit Ct. of Va. November 24, 1993).

Roe v. Conn, 417 F. Supp. 769 (M.D. Ala. 1976).

Rulison v. Post, 79 Ill. 567 (Ill. 1875).

School Bd. Dist. No. 18 v. Thompson, 103 P. 578 (Okla. 1909).

Sheppard v. State, 306 P.2d 346 (Okla. Crim. Ct. App. 1957).

Snyder v. Asbery, No. 78,045 (Okla. Ct. App. 1993).

State v. Brush & Schnoor, Nos. T97-1105, 1085, 1136, 1137 (S.D. Mag. Ct. 7th Cir. June 17, 1998).

State v. Budke, No. 05009 (Minn. Dist. Ct., 7th Dist., Otter Trail County, Nov. 1, 1983).

State v. Cheney, 305 S.W.2d 892 (Mo. App. Ct. 1957).

State v. Davis, 598 S.W.2d 189 (Mo. Ct. App. 1980).

State ex rel. Sheibley v. School Dist., 48 N.W. 393 (Neb. 1891).

State v. LaBarge, 357 A.2d 121 (Vt. 1976).

State v. Lefebvre, 20 A.2d 185 (N.H. 1941).

State v. Lundsten, Nos. 7220 & 7221 (Minn. County Ct., Beltrami County, May 20, 1980).

State v. Massa, 231 A.2d 252 (N.J. Super. Ct. 1967).

State v. Newstrom, 371 N.W.2d 525 (Minn. 1985).

State v. Noble, No. S791-0114-A (Mich. Dist. Ct., Allegan County, Jan. 9, 1980).

State v. Peterman, 70 N.E. 550 (Ind. App. Ct. 1904).

State v. Pilkinton, 310 S.W.2d 304 (Mo.App. Ct. 1958).

State v. Popanz, 332 N.W.2d 750 (Wis. 1983).

State v. Tollefsrud, No. K8222 (Minn. County Ct., Houston County, Feb. 9, 1983).

State v. Trucke, 410 N.W.2d 242 (Iowa 1987).

State v. Whisner, 351 N.E.2d 750 (Ohio 1976).

State v. White, 325 N.W.2d 76 (Wis. Ct. App. 1982), rev’d, 332 N.W.2d 756 (Wis. 1983).

State v. Will, 160 P. 1025 (Kan. 1916).

State v. Yoder, 182 N.W.2d 539 (Wis. 1971), aff'd 406 U.S. 205 (1972).

State ex rel. Sheibley v. School Dist. No. 1 of Dixon County, 48 N.W. 393 (Neb. 1891).

Stobaugh v. Wallace, 757 F. Supp. 653 (W.D. Pa. 1990).

Surinach v. Pesquera de Busquets, 604 F.2d 73 (1st Cir. 1979).

Svoboda v. Andrisek, 514 N.E.2d 1140 (Oh. Ct. App. 1986).

Texas Educ. Agency v. Leeper, 843 S.W.2d 41 (Tex. Ct. App. 1991), aff’d in part and rev'd in part, 893 S.W.2d 432 (Tex. 1994).

Theiss v. Principi, No. 01-0906 (U.S. Ct. App. for Veterans Claims, July 27, 2004).

Trucke v. Erlemeier, 657 F.Supp. 1382 (N.D.Iowa 1987).

United States v. Imoda, 1 P. 721 (Mont.Terr. 1881).

Welker v. Independent Sch. Dist. of Boise City No. 1, No. 93225 (Id. Dist. Ct. May 25, 1990).

West Morris Bd. of Educ. v. Sills, 265 A.2d 162 (N.J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div. 1970).

Williams v. Williams, 485 S.E.2d 651 (Va. Ct. App. 1997), aff'd 501 S.E.2d 417 (Va. 1998).

Wright v. State, 209 P. 179 (Okla. Crim. Ct. App. 1922).

Yavapai-Apache Tribe v. Mejia, 906 S.W.2d 152 (Tex. Ct. App. 1995).


Cases of Current or Historical Significance to Alternative Education
Generally Adverse Individual Results for Pro-Parent Litigants
(Obtain from local law library)

Application of Child Suspected of Having a Disability, No. 05-071 (State Education Dep't of NY 2005).

Bangor Baptist Church v. Maine, 549 F.Supp. 1208 (D. Me. 1982).

Battles v. Anne Arundel County Bd. Educ., 904 F. Supp. 471 (D. Md. 1995), aff’d 95 F.3d 41 (4th Cir. 1996).

Bayes v. State, 785 P.2d 660 (Id. Ct. App. 1989).

Bendiberg v. Dempsey, 707 F. Supp. 1318 (N.D.Ga. 1989).

Blackwelder v. Safnauer, 689 F. Supp. 106 (N.D.N.Y. 1988), reconsideration denied, 1988 WL 85938 (N.D.N.Y. 1988), aff’d 866 F.2d 548 (2nd Cir. 1989); Blackwelder v. Safnauer, 689 F.Supp. 106 (N.D.N.Y. 1988), appeal dismissed, 866 F.2d 548 (2nd Cir. 1989); In re Blackwelder (In re Sarah B.), 528 N.Y.S.2d 759 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1988).

Blount v. Department of Educ. and Cultural Serv., 551 A.2d 1377 (Me. 1988).

Bradstreet v. Sobol, 650 N.Y.S.2d 402 (N.Y. App. Div. 1996).

Braintree Baptist Temple v. Holbrook Public Schools, 616 F. Supp. 81 (D. Mass. 1984).

Bryant v. Brown, 118 So. 184 (Miss. 1928).

Burrow v. State, 669 S.W.2d 441 (Ark. 1984).

"Care and Protection of" -- see "In re"

Cavanagh v. Galamison, 297 N.Y.S.2d 651 (N.Y. App. Div. 1968).

City of Akron v. Lane, 416 N.E.2d 642 (Oh. Ct. App. 1979).

Clonlara v. Runkel, 722 F. Supp. 1442 (E.D. Mich. 1989).

Clonlara, Inc. v. State Bd. of Educ., 469 N.W.2d 66 (Mich. Ct. App. 1991), aff'd in part and rev'd in part, 501 N.W.2d 88 (Mich. 1993).

Commonwealth v. Beiler, 79 A.2d 134 (Pa. Sup. Ct. 1951).

Commonwealth v. Bey, 70 A.2d 693 (Pa. Sup. Ct. 1950).

Commonwealth v. Renfrew, 126 N.E.2d 109 (Mass. 1955).

Commonwealth v. Smoker, 110 A.2d 740 (Pa. Sup. Ct. 1955).

Commonwealth ex rel. School Dist. of Pittsburgh v. Ross, 330 A.2d 290 (Pa. Cmwlth. Ct. 1975).

Concerned Citizens for Neighborhood Sch. v. Board of Educ., 379 F.Supp. 1233 (E.D.Tenn. 1974).

Cornwell v. State Bd. of Educ., 428 F.2d 471 (4th Cir. 1970).

Crites v. Smith, 826 S.W.2d 459 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1991).

Cude v. Arkansas, 377 S.W.2d 816 (Ark. 1964).

Duro v. District Attorney, 712 F.2d 96 (4th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1006 (1984).

Ellis v. O'Hara, 612 F.Supp. 379 (E.D. Mo. 1985), rev’d, 802 F.2d 462 (8th Cir. 1986); Ellis v. O'Hara, 105 F.R.D. 556 (E.D. Mo. 1985).

Ex parte Sharp, 96 P. 563 (Idaho 1908).

Fellowship Baptist Church v. Benton, 620 F.Supp. 308, 317-18 (S.D.Iowa 1985), remanded, 815 F.2d 485 (8th Cir.1987).

Gauvin v. Scituate Sch. Comm. (R.I. Comm'r Educ. July 5, 1990).

Grigg v. Commonwealth, 297 S.E.2d 799 (Va. 1982).

Hanson v. Cushman, 490 F.Supp. 109 (W.D. Mich. 1980).

Hatch v. Goerke, 502 F.2d 1189 (10th Cir. 1974).

Herndon v. Chapel-Hill Carrboro City Bd. Of Educ., 89 F.3d 174 (4th Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 (1997).

Hill v. State, 381 So.2d 91 (Ala. Cr. Ct. App. 1979), rev’d on other grounds, 381 So.2d 94 (Ala. 1980), on remand, 410 So.2d 431 (Ala. Cr. Ct. App. 1981).

Hooks v. Clark County School District, 228 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 121 S.Ct. 1602 (2001).

Howell v. State, 723 S.W.2d 755 (Tex. Ct. App. 1986).

Hubbard v. Buffalo Indep. Sch. Dist., 20 F. Supp.2d 1012 (W.D.Tex. 1998).

Hutchins v. District of Columbia, 942 F.Supp. 665 (D.D.C. 1996), aff'd, 144 F.3d 798 (D.c. Cir. 1998), opinion vacated, 156 F.3d 1267 (D.C. Cir. 1998), rehearing, 188 F.3d 531 (D.C. Cir. 1999)(en banc).

Immediato v. Rye Neck Sch. Dist., 73 F.3d 454 (2d Cir. 1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 813 (1996).

In re Adam D., 505 N.Y.S.2d 809 (Fam. Ct. 1986).

In re Andrew "TT", 122 A.D.2d 362 (N.Y. App. Div. 1986).

In re Baum, 401 N.Y.S.2d 514 (N.Y. App. Div. 1978).

In re Christa H., 513 N.Y.S.2d 65 (N.Y. App. Div. 1987).

In re Conlin, 130 N.Y.S.2d 811 (N.Y. Children's Ct. 1954).

In re Currence, 248 N.Y.S.2d 251 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1963).

In re Franz, 378 N.Y.S.2d 317 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1976), aff'd 390 N.Y.S.2d 940 (N.Y. App. Div. 1977).

In re H., 357 N.Y.S.2d 384 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1974).

In re Ivan, 48 Mass. App. Ct. 87 (1999).

In re Kilroy, 467 N.Y.S.2d 318 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1983).

In re McMillan, 226 S.E.2d 693 (N.C. Ct. App. 1976).

In re Richards, 2 N.Y.S.2d 608 (N.Y. Child Ct. 1938), aff’d, 7 N.Y.S.2d 722 (N.Y. App. Div. 1938).

In re Sawyer, 672 P.2d 1093 (Kan. 1983).

In re Searles, No. 9037CH0017 (Mass. Dist. Ct. Sep. 5, 1990).

In re Shinn, 16 Cal. Rptr. 165 (Cal. Ct. App. 1961).

In re Thomas H., 357 N.Y.S.2d 384 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 1974).

Jernigan v. State, 412 So.2d 1242 (Ala. Crim. App. 1982), cert denied, No. 81-481 (Ala. 1982).

Johnson v. Charles City Community Sch. Bd. of Educ., 368 N.W.2d 74 (Iowa 1985), cert. denied sub nom, Pruessner v. Benton, 474 U.S. 1033 (1985).

Knox v. O’Brien, 72 A.2d 389 (N.J. Co. Ct. 1950).

Lenz v. Winburn, 51 F.3d 1540 (11th Cir. 1999).

Leonhard v. Mitchell, 473 F.2d 709 (2d Cir. 1973), cert. denied, 412 U.S. 949 (1973); Leonhard v. United States, 633 F.2d 599 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 451 U.S. 908 (1981).

Mannis v. Arkansas ex rel. Dewitt Sch. Dist., 398 S.W.2d 206 (Ark. 1966), cert. denied, 384 U.S. 972 (1966).

"Matter of" -- see "In re"

Mazanec v. North Judson-San Pierre School Corp., 750 F.2d 625 (7th Cir. 1984), appeal decided by 763 F.2d 845 (7th Cir.1985), on remand, 614 F.Supp. 1152 (N.D. Ind. 1985), aff’d 798 F.2d 230 (7th Cir. 1986).

Michigan Dep't of Social Servs. v. Emmanuel Baptist Preschool, 455 N.W.2d 1 (Mich. 1990).

Murphy v. Arkansas, 852 F.2d 1039 (8th Cir. 1988).

New Life Baptist Church Academy v. Town of East Longmeadow, 885 F.2d 940 (1st Cir. 1989).

Novoa v. County of Ventura, 183 Cal. Rptr. 736 (Cal. Ct. App. 1982).

Null v. Board of Educ. of County of Jackson, 815 F.Supp. 937 (S.D. W.Va. 1993).

Parr v. State, 157 N.E. 555 (Ohio 1927).

People v. Bennett, 501 N.W.2d 106 (Mich. 1993).

People v. Berger, 441 N.E.2d 915 (Ill. Ct. App. 1982).

People v. Donner, 103 N.Y.S.2d 757 (N.Y. App. Div. 1951), aff'd without opinion, 100 N.E.2d 48 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1951).

People v. Turner, 263 P.2d 685 (Cal. Ct. App. 1953), app. dismissed, 347 U.S. 972 (1954).

People ex rel. Anonymous v. Anonymous, 179 N.E.2d 200 (N.Y. 1961).

"People in the Matter of" -- see "In re"

People ex rel. Shapiro v. Dorin, 99 N.Y.S.2d 830 (N.Y. Dom. Rel. Ct. 1950), aff’d, 103 N.Y.S.2d 757 (N.Y. App. Div. 1951), aff’d 100 N.E.2d 48 (N.Y. 1951), motion granted, 100 N.E.2d 48 (N.Y. 1951), appeal dismissed, 342 U.S. 884 (1951).

Peter W. v. San Francisco Unified Sch. Dist., 131 Cal. Rptr. 854 (Cal. Ct. App. 1976).

Rice v. Commonwealth, 49 S.E.2d 342 (Va. 1948).

Roberts v. Ward, 493 A.2d 478 (N.H. 1985).

Roemhild v. State, 308 S.E.2d 154 (Ga. 1983).

Santa Fe Community Sch. v. New Mexico Bd. of Educ., 518 P.2d 272 (N.M. 1974).

Scoma v. Chicago Bd. of Educ., 391 F.Supp. 452 (N.D. Ill. 1974).

Sheridan Rd. Baptist Church v. Department of Educ., 396 N.W.2d 373 (Mich. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1050 (1987).

Singer v. Wadman, 595 F.Supp. 188 (D. Utah 1982), aff'd, 745 F.2d 606 (10th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1028 (1985).

State v. Anderson, 427 N.W.2d 316 (N.D. 1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 965 (1988).

State v. Bowman, 653 P.2d 254 (Or. Ct. App. 1982).

State v. Brewer, 444 N.W.2d 923 (N.D. 1989).

State v. Buckner, 472 So.2d 1228 (Fla. Ct. App. 1985).

State v. Counort, 124 P. 910 (Wash. 1912).

State v. DeLaBruere, 577 A.2d 254 (Vt. 1990).

State v. Drew, 192 A. 629 (N.H. 1937).

State v. Edgington, 663 P.2d 374 (N.M. Ct. App. 1983), cert. denied, 662 P.2d 645 (N.M. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 940 (1983).

State v. Garber, 419 P.2d 896 (Kan. 1966), cert denied, 389 U.S. 51 (1967).

State v. Gieg, (General Sessions Ct. of Wilson County, Tenn. February 6, 1992).

State v. Hershberger, 144 N.E.2d 693 (Ohio App. Ct. 1955).

State v. Hoyt, 146 A. 170 (N.H. 1929).

State v. Jackson, 53 A. 1021 (N.H. 1902).

State v. Kasuboski, 275 N.W.2d 101 (Wis. Ct. App. 1978).

State v. La Barge, 357 A.2d 121 (Vt. 1976).

State v. Lowry, 383 P.2d 962 (Kan. 1963).

State v. McDonough, 468 A.2d 977 (Me. 1983).

State v. Melin, 428 N.W.2d 227 (N.D. 1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 942 (1988).

State v. M.M., 407 So.2d 987 (Fla. App. Ct. 1981).

State v. Moorhead, 308 N.W.2d 60 (Iowa 1981).

State v. Patzer, 382 N.W.2d 631 (N.D. 1986), cert. denied, 479 U.S. 825 (1986).

State v. Riddle, 285 S.E.2d 359 (W. Va. 1981).

State v. Rivinius, 328 N.W.2d 220 (N.D. 1982), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1070 (1983).

State v. Superior Court, 346 P.2d 999 (Wash. 1959), cert. denied, Wold v. Shoreline School District, 363 U.S. 814 (1960).

State v. Vaughn, 207 A.2d 537 (N.J. 1965).

State v. Williams, 228 N.W. 470 (S.D. 1929).

State ex rel. Douglas v. Faith Baptist Church, 301 N.W.2d 571 (Neb. 1981).

State ex rel. Nagle v. Olin, 415 N.E.2d 279 (Ohio 1980).

Steirer v. Bethlehem Area Sch. Dist., 987 F.2d 989 (3d Cir. 1993), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 824 (1993).

Stephens v. Bongart, 189 A. 131 (N.J. Super. Ct. 1937).

Swanson ex rel. Swanson v. Guthrie, 135 F.3d 694 (10th Cir. 1998).

T.A.F. and E.M.F., Juveniles v. Duval County, Florida, 273 So.2d 15 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1973), cert. denied, 283 So.2d 564 (Fla.1973).

Thifault v. North Smithfield Sch. Comm. (R.I. Comm'r Educ. July 2, 1990).

Zebra v. School Dist. of City of Pittsburgh, 296 A.2d 748 (Pa. 1972).


Divorce Cases & Disputes About Education or Religion for Children
(Obtain from Local Law Library)

Bodne v. Bodne, 572 S.E.2d 95 (Ga. Ct. App. 2002), rev'd, 588 S.E.2d 728 (Ga. 2003).

Elk Grove Unified Sch. Dist. v. Newdow (2004)

Foretich v. United States, No. 02-5224 (D.C. Cir. 2003).

Kendall v. Kendall, 687 N.E.2d 1228 (Mass. 1997), 524 U.S. 953 (1998).

Munoz v. Munoz, 489 P.2d 1133 (Wash. 1971).

Pater v. Pater, 1990 WL 162021 (Ohio Ct. App. 1990), rev'd, 588 N.E.2d 794 (Ohio 1992).

Stephen v. Stephen, 937 P.2d 92 (Okla. 1997).

Strosnider v. Strosnider, 686 P.2d 981 (N.M. Ct. App. 1985).

Zummo v. Zummo, 1988 WL 168470 (Pa. Com. Pl. 1988), aff'd in part and vacated in part, 574 A.2d 1130 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1990).


Adoption Cases & Disputes About Education, Upbringing, Religion, or IDEA for Children
 (Obtain from Local Law Library)

Bell v. Anderson Community Sch., No. 1:07-cv-00936-JDT-WTL (S.D. Ind., Aug. 6, 2007).

Blau v. Fort Thomas Pub. Sch. Dist., 401 F.3d 381 (6th Cir. 2005).

Board of Educ. of the City Sch. Dist. of the City of N.Y. v. Tom F. on behalf of Gilbert F., 193 Fed. Appx. 26 (2d Cir. 2006), aff'd 520 U.S. ___ (2007)(No. 06-637).

Holtzman v. Knott (In re Custody of H.S.H-K.), 533 N.W.2d 419, 435-36 (Wis. 1995), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 975 (1995).

In re Adoption of A.M.H., No. CH-01-1302-III (Tenn. 2007)

In re B.B. (Hardinger v. Scott), 2004 UT 39

Jones v. Barlow, 2007 UT 20

Lofton v. Secretary of the Dep't of Children and Family Serv., 358 F.3d 804 (11th Cir.), aff’d 377 F.3d 1275 (11th Cir. 2004)(en banc).


Miscellaneous Cases

Abigail Alliance for Better Access to Developmental Drugs v. Eschenbach, No. 04-5350 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 7, 2007).

Board of Educ. of the City Sch. Dist. of the City of N.Y. v. Tom F. on behalf of Gilbert F., 193 Fed. Appx. 26 (2d Cir. 2006), aff'd 520 U.S. ___ (2007)(No. 06-637).

Burt v. County of Orange, 120 Cal.App.4th 273, 15 Cal.Rptr.3d 373.

Bush v. Holmes, SC04-2323 (Fla. 2006).

Doe v. Irwin, 441 F.Supp. 1247 (D.C. Mich.), rev'd on other grounds, 615 F.2d 1162 (6th Cir. 1980), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 829 (1980).

Fields v. Palmdale Sch. Dist., No. 03-56499 (9th Cir. Nov. 2, 2005)

Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass. 309 (2003)

Holtzman v. Knott (In re Custody of H.S.H-K.), 533 N.W.2d 419, 435-36 (Wis. 1995), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 975 (1995).

Hunter v. Regents, 190 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 1999)

In re Adoption of A.M.H., No. CH-01-1302-III (Tenn. 2007)

In re C.M., 652 N.W.2d 204 (Iowa 2002)

In re L.M., 654 N.W.2d 504 (Iowa 2002)

Johnson v. Rodrigues (Orozco), 226 F.3d 1103 (10th Cir. 2000)

Jones v. Barlow, 2007 UT 20

Wisniewski v. Board of Educ. of the Weedsport Central Sch. Dist.


Important International Court Decisions About Alternative Education

Konrad and Others against Germany, Application No. 35504/03, European Court of Human Rights (Fifth Section), (Sep. 11, 2006)


Law Periodical Articles Discussing Home Education
(Obtain from local law library)

Am. Jur. 2d Parent and Child s 23, CONTROL OF EDUCATION (2003).

Am. Jur. 2d Parent and Child s 18, POWER OF STATE (2003).

Criminal Responsibility of Parent for Act of Child, 12 A.L.R.4th 673, §9a (1982).

Validity, Construction, and Application of Statute, Regulation, or Policy Governing Home Schooling or Affecting Rights of Home-Schooled Students, 70 A.L.R.5th 169, §3 (1999).

David S. Adams, Home Schooling in Kansas: Friend or Foe, 63 J. Kan. Bar Assoc. 30 (March 1994).

William L. Campbell, Jr., Moving Against the Tide: An Analysis of Home School Regulation in Alabama, 52 Ala. L. Rev. 649 (2001).

Michael E. Chaplin, Comment, Peterson v. Minidoka County School: Home Education, Free Exercise, and Parental Rights, 75 Notre Dame L. Rev. 663 (1999).

Jessica C. Cox, Commentary, Parental Rights and Responsibilities of Control over Children’s Education, 26 J. L. & Educ. 179 (1997).

Michael Brian Dailey, Home Schooled Children Gaining Limited Access to Public Schools, 28 J.L. & Educ. 25 (1999).

Eric A. DeGroff, State Regulation of Nonpublic Schools: Does the Tie Still Bind?, 2003 B.Y.U. Educ. & L.J. 363 (2003).

Donald D. Dorman, Note, Michigan's Teacher Certification Requirement as Applied to Religiously Motivated Home Schools, 23 U. Mich. J.L. Ref. 733 (1990).

James C. Easterly, Comment, “Parent v. State”: The Challenge to Compulsory School Attendance Laws, 11 Hamline J. Pub. L. & Pol’y 83 (1990).

Kathryn Gardner & Allison J. McFarland, Legal Precedents and Strategies Shaping Home Schooled Students’ Participation in Public School Sports, 11 J. Legal Aspects Sport 25 (2001).

William Grob, Note, Access Denied: Prohibiting Homeschooled Students from Participating in Public-School Athletics and Activities, 16 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 823 (2000).

Alma C. Henderson, Comment, The Home Schooling Movement: Parents Take Control of Educating Their Children, 1991 Ann. Surv. Am. L. 985.

Donald H. Henderson, Eugene L. Golanda, Robert E. Lee, Commentary, Legal Conflicts Involving Home Instruction of School-Aged Children, 64 Ed. Law Rep. 999 (1991).

Lisa R. Knickerbocker, Note, The Education of all Children with Disabilities: Integrating Home-Schooled Children into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 62 Ohio St. L.J. 1515 (2001).

J.S. Lerner, Protecting Home Schooling Through the Casey Undue Burden Standard, 62 U. Chi. L. Rev. 363 (1995).

Katherine Lindsay, The Law of Home Schooling in Australia, 2003 B.Y.U. Educ. & L.J. 83 (2003).

Gerald B. Lotzer, Texas Homeschooling: An Unresolved Conflict Between Parents and Educators, 39 Baylor L. Rev. 469 (1987).

Lisa M. Lukasik, Comment, The Latest Home Education Challenge: The Relationship Between Home Schools and Public Schools, 74 N.C. L. Rev. 1913 (1996).

Ira C. Lupu, Home Education, Religious Liberty, and the Separation of Powers, 67 B.U. L. Rev. 971 (1987).

Jack MacMullan, Comment, The Constitutionality of State Home Schooling Statutes, 39 Vill. L. Rev. 1309 (1994).

Ralph D. Mawdsley, Changing Face of Parent's Rights, 2003 B.Y.U. Educ. & L.J. 165.

Ralph D. Mawdsley, Commentary, Compulsory Attendance Laws Under Attack, 30 Ed. Law Rep. 627 (1986).

Ralph D. Mawdsley, Commentary, Home Instruction for Religious Reasons: Parental Right or State Option?, 4 Ed. Law Rep. 941 (1982).

Ralph D. Mawdsley, Commentary, Parental Rights and Home Schooling: Current Home School Litigation, 135 Ed. Law Rep. 313 (1999).

Ralph D. Mawdsley, Commentary, Parental Rights and Public Education, 59 Ed. Law Rep. 271 (1990).

Douglas G. McCray, Note, People v. Bennett: Are Teacher Certification Requirements for Secular Home Educators Constitutional?, 42 Wayne L. Rev. 259 (1995).

J. Bart McMahon, An Examination of the Non-Custodial Parent’s Right to Influence and Direct the Child’s Education: What Happens When the Custodial Parent Wants to Home Educate the Child, 33 U. Louisville J. Fam. L. 723 (1995).

Judith G. McMullen, Behind Closed Doors: Should States Regulate Homeschooling?, 54 S.C. L. Rev. 75 (2002).

Mark Murphy, Note, A Constitutional Analysis of Compulsory School Attendance Laws in the Southeast: Do They Unlawfully Interfere with Alternatives to Public Education?, 8 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. 457 (1992).

Bruce Page, Note, Changing Our Perspective: How Presumptive Invalidity of Home School Regulations Will Further the State’s Interest in an Educated Citizenry, 14 Regent U. L. Rev. 181 (2002).

Edward Knox Proctor V, Note, Delconte v. State: Some Thoughts on Home Education, 64 N.C. L. Rev. 1302 (1986).

Julie S. Rappaport, Note, The Legal System's Response to Child Abuse: A "Shield" for Children or a "Sword" Against the Constitutional Rights of Parents?, 9 N.Y. L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 257 (1991).

Daniel J. Rose, Note, Compulsory Education and Parental Rights: A Judicial Framework of Analysis, 30 B.C. L. Rev. 861 (1989).

William G. Ross, The Contemporary Significance of Meyer and Pierce for Parental Rights Issues Involving Education, 34 Akron L. Rev. 177 (2000).

Jeffrey P. Sexton, Home Schooling Away from Home: Improving Military Policy Toward Home Education, 182 Mil. L. Rev. 50 (2004).

Brendan Stocklin-Enright, The Constitutionality of Home Education: The Role of the Parent, the State, and the Child, 18 Willamette L. Rev. 563 (1982).

Stephanie M. Tabone, Home-Schooling in Pennsylvania: A Prayer for Parental Autonony in Education, 21 St. John's J. Legal Comment. 371, 410 (2006).

Joseph P. Tocco, Note, Home Schooling in Michigan: Is There a Fundamental Right to Teach Your Children at Home?, 71 U. Det. Mercy L. Rev. 1053 (1994).

Derwin L. Webb, Commentary, Home-schools and Interscholastic Sports: Denying Participation Violates United States Constitution Due Process and Equal Protection Rights, 26 J. L. & Educ. 1230 (July 1997).

Wendy Wheeler, Comment, Is Home Schooling Constitutional?, 1995 B.Y.U. Educ. & L.J. 78 (1995).

Darryl C. Wilson, Home Field Disadvantage: The Negative Impact of Allowing Home Schoolers to Participate in Mainstream Sports, 3 Va. J. Sports & L. 1 (2001).

Daniel E. Witte, Comment, People v. Bennett: Analytic Approaches To Recognizing A Fundamental Parental Right Under The Ninth Amendment, 1996 B.Y.U. L.R. 183.

Perry A. Zirkel, Commentary, Case Law Concerning Home Instruction, 29 Ed. Law Rep. 9 (1986).


Other Legal Peridocal Overviews of Caselaw or Doctrines Relevant to Parental Liberty
(Obtain from local law library)

Danny J. Boggs, A Differing View on Viewpoint Discrimination, 1993 U. Chicago Legal F. 45.

Richard F. Duncan, Public Schools And The Inevitability Of Religious Inequality, 1996 B.Y.U. L.R. 569.

James G. Dwyer, Parents Religion and Children's Welfare: Debunking the Doctrine of Parents' Rights, 82 California L. Rev. 1371 (1994).

Joseph P. Viteritti, Blaine's Wake: School Choice, The First Amendment and State Constitutional Law, 21 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 657 (1998).

Daniel E. Witte, Comment, Getting A Grip On National Service: Key Organizational Features And Strategic Characteristics Of The National Service Corps (AmeriCorps), 1998 B.Y.U. L.R. 741.

Daniel E. Witte, Comment, People v. Bennett: Analytic Approaches To Recognizing A Fundamental Parental Right Under The Ninth Amendment, 1996 B.Y.U. L.R. 183.


Other Articles by Daniel E. Witte

Daniel E. Witte, Bad Precedent: Inquiry Concerning Judge Prompts an Inquiry about Civil Liberty and Judicial Independence, 2004 Sutherland J. L. & Pub. Pol'y L1, at http://www.sjlpp.org/documents/badprecedent.pdf.

Daniel E. Witte, Why Harriet Breaks The Rules, 2005 Sutherland J. L. & Pub. Pol'y L26, at http://www.sjlpp.org/documents/witte101305.pdf.

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